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Punic Wars (May 15)

The Punic Wars were three wars fought between Rome and Carthage between 264 and 146 B.C.E. The first Punic war, won by Rome, consisted of naval battles for control of Sicily. The second Punic war, also won by Rome, consisted of 29-year-old Carthaginian general Hannibal attacking Rome from the north via elephant after crossing Iberia (Spain) and the Alps. Despite laying siege to much of the peninsula for 15 years, Hannibal never took Rome. The final Punic war came next, when Rome wanted to get rid of Carthage. Scipio, Tiberius Gracchus, and others attacked the city, and Carthage burned for 17 days. The walls and buildings were all completely ruined. By the end of the war, 50,000 people in the city were sold into slavery, and the rest of Carthage's territories were annexed and made into the Roman province of Africa. Due to the war, there were almost a million slaves in Italy by the end of the second century B.C.E. and farmers lost their land to aristocrats. Slaves worked on large ...
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Population Pyramids

Today we discussed population pyramids, a way to measure population while taking aspects like age and gender into consideration. In a population pyramid, men are on the left, women are on the right, the youngest are on the bottom and the oldest are on the top. The ages are separated into 5-year increments and grouped into pre-reproductive (0-14), reproductive (15-44) and post-reproductive (45-100+). We can predict future population trends by looking at the base of the pyramid. A large base points toward population increase, and a small base points toward a population decrease. Pre-industrialized countries tend to have larger populations because of the lack of availability of birth control, while developed countries tend to have steady population numbers or population decrease as people put off having children for later years or simply never have children. Pre-industrialized countries also usually don't have highways, great schools, or airports. This is because most of the state...
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Democracy and Greece's Golden Age

The golden age of Ancient Greece was a period where democratic principles and classical culture flourished. Greece's standards in art, politics, literature, and philosophy are still influential today. 477-431 BCE Athens experienced a growth in intellectual and artistic learning due to the rule of Pericles, a a statesman who held popular support for 32 years, strengthening democracy, the empire, and Athens. Pericles strengthened democracy by increasing the number of paid public officials. Prior to this, holding public office was an unpaid job that only the wealthy could afford. Because of Pericles, even the poorest could hold office if elected or chosen by lot. Due to this reform, Athens had more citizens engaged in self-government than any other city-state, making Athens one of the most democratic governments in history.
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