Caesar
I will be taking my test on June 2 from 1:25-2:15 pm.
Plebeians were kept docile with free grain from the state, and entertainment such as Colosseum. Tiberius Gracchus, though unsuccessful, recognized the benefits of courting the plebeians. Military generals worked that angle, giving them a share in the spoils. Soldiers' loyalty was to their military leader more than to Rome/ the Republic.
Julius Caesar, a very successful general, conquered the huge territory of Gaul. He was smart politically, pleasing both common people and important officials such as Pompey, another successful general, and Crassus, the wealthiest man in Rome. Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus formed the first triumvirate/ "rule of three men."
Caesar served as consul for a year (one full term) and appointed himself governor of Gaul, making Pompey jealous. He and Pompey became rivals and when their armies clashed, Caesar won. In 44 B.C.E. he was named dictator, at first it was for six months, then the position became for life.
As dictator, Caesar granted citizenship to people in provinces, expanded the Senate to include his friends, created jobs for the poor (especially through public works projects), increased pay for soldiers, and started colonies where people without land could own property.
Caesar was assassinated by senators who saw his rise in power as a threat. They lured him into the Senate and stabbed him to death. The senators were not punished and Octavian was named Caesar's sole heir. This marks the end of the republic.
Plebeians were kept docile with free grain from the state, and entertainment such as Colosseum. Tiberius Gracchus, though unsuccessful, recognized the benefits of courting the plebeians. Military generals worked that angle, giving them a share in the spoils. Soldiers' loyalty was to their military leader more than to Rome/ the Republic.
Julius Caesar, a very successful general, conquered the huge territory of Gaul. He was smart politically, pleasing both common people and important officials such as Pompey, another successful general, and Crassus, the wealthiest man in Rome. Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus formed the first triumvirate/ "rule of three men."
Caesar served as consul for a year (one full term) and appointed himself governor of Gaul, making Pompey jealous. He and Pompey became rivals and when their armies clashed, Caesar won. In 44 B.C.E. he was named dictator, at first it was for six months, then the position became for life.
As dictator, Caesar granted citizenship to people in provinces, expanded the Senate to include his friends, created jobs for the poor (especially through public works projects), increased pay for soldiers, and started colonies where people without land could own property.
Caesar was assassinated by senators who saw his rise in power as a threat. They lured him into the Senate and stabbed him to death. The senators were not punished and Octavian was named Caesar's sole heir. This marks the end of the republic.
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